GD+IV+--+1st+quarter


 * Global Dynamics IV--1st quarter **


 * Summer Reading: **


 * Essential questions ** **for summer reading: How do human beings retain or reclaim their humanity when they are under extreme duress? How does the suffering in one conflict represent the suffering in any conflict? How does fiction engage the reader emotionally and spiritually?**

**by Steven Galloway**
 * //The Cellist of Sarayevo// **


 * //A Tale of Two Cities// **

**by Charles Dickens**

Swan's Commentary "In The Cellist of Sarajevo, Is Fiction a License to Lie" by Walter Trkla

[|Review of Cellist]

"Why We Read Fiction" by Robert Penn Warren

*


 * Early European history and literature **

**Essential questions: How does religious belief permeate and impact literature? What is the relationship between** free **will and predestination (call of God)? How does the problem of evil, man's desire to "be" God, manifest itself in literature and life? What impact do the differing characters of the polytheistic gods and the Judeo-Christian God make to their followers and the literature they produce? How does the desire for immortality shape human behavior?**

http://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/7_p1.html
 * The Oracle of Delphi **

http://www.ancient-greece.org/images/ancient-sites/delphi/thdsc00645.jpg
 * The Temple at Delphi **

Mayan Polytheism
http://www.crystalinks.com/mayangods.html

**Epic of Gilgamesh** translated by N. K. Sandars
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">//Gilgamesh// and Biblical flood epic (1 wk) **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">**Prologue**

[|Sumerian art]

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">**The Battle with Humbaba**

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">**Enkidu's Dream of the Underworld**

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">**The Story of the Flood**

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">**The Return**

=<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">Greek myths and deities: [|Myths] = = =

=//<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">The Trial of Socrates //<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">(a drama to be acted out in class) <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">(one day) = 3.http://www.wcusd15.org/martens/history/chapter5/Trial%20of%20Socrates%20One-Day%20Play.pdf

=<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">The Acropolis of Athens <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">(photo and explanation) = http://www.greece-athens.com/place.php?place_id=1

=<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">Greek Philosophy <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">(Socrates, Plato, Aristotle - their contributions) = http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture8b.html

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 24px;">by Homer
 * //<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">The Iliad // <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">(two weeks) **

[|The Iliad]

http://www.roman-colosseum.info/
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 190%;">Roman Coliseum & Roman Life <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;"> (architecture and engineering, religion, daily life and customs, military, clothing) **

=<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Roman Engineering : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_engineering=



<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 24px;">by Virgil <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 24px;">[|The Aenid]
 * //<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">The Aeneid //<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">(one week) **

= =

= Map of Roman Empire at its Apex =

=<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">The Destruction of Pompii = http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/pompeii/history.html

THE DESTRUCTION OF POMPEII [|The destruction of Pompeii]

=<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">Timeline of the Roman Empire = =7.http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/romans.html=


 * Ottar will come up with S. Am. piece about polytheistic belief **


 * Assessments: Essays: How does the story of //Gigamesh// compare/contrast with the biblical flood account? **
 * How else could Achilles and Agamemnon (proud men who lose face and their women) have acted in the situation? **
 * Can man resist a call from a god or God? **


 * Technology--//Troy// the movie **


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 230%;">Anglo-Saxon Literature (3 weeks) **

=
Take a look at the photo of Stonehenge that I took last summer. It is a marvel of construction, erected long before the birth of Christ and a part of the English landscape during Anglo-Saxon times.======
 * [[image:pamblair/Stonehenge width="916" height="687" caption="Stonehenge"]] ||
 * Stonehenge ||

"The Seafarer" An Anglo-Saxon __lyric__ poem about the life of a sailor. Notice his emotions and sensory reactions to his work, his conflict, and the rigors of life on the sea compared to life on the land in these primitive times. Look also for kennings and the Christian/pagan blend.

**The Seafarer** translated by **Burton Raffel**

This tale is true, and mine. It tells How the sea took me, swept me back And forth in sorrow and fear and pain, Showed me suffering in a hundred ships, 5 In a thousand ports, and in me. It tells Of smashing surf when I sweated in the cold Of an anxious watch, perched in the bow As it dashed under cliffs. My feet were cast In icy bands, bound with frost, 10 With frozen chains, and hardship groaned Around my heart. Hunger tore At my sea-weary soul. No man sheltered On the quiet fairness of earth can feel How wretched I was, drifting through winter 15 On an ice-cold sea, whirled in sorrow, Alone in a world blown clear of love, Hung with icicles. The hailstorms flew. The only sound was the roaring sea, The freezing waves. The song of the swan 20 Might serve for pleasure, the cry of the sea-fowl, The death-noise of birds instead of laughter, The mewing of gulls instead of mead. Storms beat on the rocky cliffs and were echoed By icy-feathered terns and the eagle’s screams; 25 No kinsman could offer comfort there, To a soul left drowning in desolation. And who could believe, knowing but The passion of cities, swelled proud with wine And no taste of misfortune, how often, how wearily, 30 I put myself back on the paths of the sea. Night would blacken; it would snow from the north; Frost bound __the earth__ and hail would fall, The coldest seeds. And how my heart Would begin to beat, knowing once more 35 The salt waves tossing and the towering sea! The time for journeys would come and my soul Called me eagerly out, sent me over The horizon, seeking foreigners’ homes. But there isn’t a man on earth so proud, 40 So born to greatness, so bold with his youth, Grown so brave, or so graced by God, That he feels no fear as the sails unfurl, Wondering what Fate has willed and will do. No harps ring in his heart, no rewards, 45 No passion for women, no worldly pleasures, Nothing, only the ocean’s heave; But longing wraps itself around him. Orchards blossom, the towns bloom, Fields grow lovely as the world springs fresh, 50 And all these admonish that willing mind Leaping to journeys, always set In thoughts traveling on a quickening tide. So summer’s sentinel, the cuckoo, sings In his murmuring voice, and our hearts mourn 55 As he urges. Who could understand, In ignorant ease, what we others suffer As the paths of exile stretch endlessly on? And yet my heart wanders away, My soul roams with the sea, the whales’ 60 Home, wandering to the widest corners Of the world, returning ravenous with desire, Flying solitary, screaming, exciting me To the open ocean, breaking oaths On the curve of a wave. Thus the joys of God 65 Are fervent with life, where life itself Fades quickly into the earth. The wealth Of the world neither reaches to Heaven nor remains. No man has ever faced the dawn Certain which of Fate’s three threats 70 Would fall: illness, or age, or an enemy’s Sword, snatching the life from his soul. The praise the living pour on the dead __Flowers__ from reputation: plant An earthly life of __profit__ reaped 75 Even from hatred and rancor, of bravery Flung in the devil’s face, and death Can only bring you earthly praise And a song to celebrate a place With the angels, life eternally blessed In the hosts of Heaven. 80 The days are gone When the kingdoms of earth flourished in glory; Now there are no rulers, no emperors, No givers of __gold__, as once there were, When wonderful things were worked among them 85 And they lived in lordly magnificence. Those powers have vanished, those pleasures are dead. The weakest survives and the world continues, Kept spinning by toil. All glory is tarnished. The world’s honor ages and shrinks. 90 Bent like the men who mould it. Their faces Blanch as time advances, their beards Wither and they mourn the memory of friends. The sons of princes, sown in the dust. The soul stripped of its flesh knows nothing 95 Of sweetness or sour, feels no pain, Bends neither its hand nor its brain. A brother Opens his palms and pours down __gold__ On his kinsman’s grave, strewing his coffin With treasures intended for Heaven, but nothing 100 Golden shakes the wrath of God For a soul overflowing with sin, and nothing Hidden on earth rises to Heaven. We all fear God. He turns the earth, He set it swinging firmly in space, 105 Gave life to the world and light to the sky. Death leaps at the fools who forget their God. He who lives humbly has angels from Heaven To carry him courage and strength and belief. A man must conquer pride, not kill it, 110 Be firm with his fellows, chaste for himself, Treat all the world as the world deserves, With love or with hate but never with harm, Though an enemy seek to scorch him in hell, Or set the flames of a funeral pyre 115 Under his lord. Fate is stronger And God mightier than any man’s mind. Our thoughts should turn to where our home is, Consider the ways of coming there, Then strive for sure permission for us 120 To rise to that eternal joy, That life born in the love of God And the hope of Heaven. Praise the Holy Grace of Him who honored us, Eternal, unchanging creator of earth. Amen.

[]

"The Wanderer" An Anglo-Saxon poem in which the main character has lost his overlord and is seeking another. Consider the emotions he expresses, his attitudes about manliness, and the evidence of the Christian/pagan blend in the poem.

//The Wanderer//

> trans. Charles W. Kennedy

Oft to the Wanderer, weary of exile, Cometh God’s pity, compassionate love, Though woefully toiling on wintry seas With churning oar in the icy wave, Homeless and helpless he fled from Fate. (5) Thus saith the Wanderer mindful of misery, Grievous disasters, and death of kin: "Oft when the day broke, oft at the dawning, Lonely and wretched I wailed my woe. No man is living, no comrade left, (10) To whom I dare fully unlock my heart. I have learned truly the mark of a man Is keeping his counsel and locking his lips, Let him think that he will! For woe of heart Withstandeth not Fate; a failing spirit (15) Earneth no help. Men eager for honor Bury their sorrow deep in the breast So have I also, often in wretchedness Fettered my feelings, far from my kin, Homeless and hapless, since days of old, (20) When the dark earth covered my dear lord’s face, And I sailed away with sorrowful heart, Over wintry seas, seeking a gold-lord, If far or near lived one to befriend me With gift in the meadhall and comfort for grief. (25) Who bears it, knows what a bitter companion, Shoulder to shoulder, sorrow can be, When friends are no more. His fortune is exile, No gifts of fine gold; a heart that is frozen, Earth’s winsomeness dead. And he dreams of the hallmen, (30) The dealing of treasure, the days of his youth, When his lord bade welcome to wassail and feast. But gone is that gladness, and never again Shall come the loved counsel of comrade and king. Even in slumber his sorrow assaileth, (35) And, dreaming he claspeth his dear lord again’ Head on knee, loyally laying, Pledging his liege as in days long past. Then from his slumber he starts lonely hearted, Beholding grey stretches of tossing sea, (40) Sea-birds bathing, with wings outspread, While hail storms darken and driving snow Bitterer then is the bane of his wretchedness, The longing for loved one; the grief is renewed. The forms of his kinsmen take shape in the silence; (45) In rapture he greets them; in gladness he scans Old comrades remembered. But they melt into air With no word of greeting to gladden his heart. Then again surges his sorrow upon him; And grimly he spurs on his weary soul (50) Once more to the toil of the tossing sea. No wonder therefore in all the world, If a shadow darkens upon my spirit When I reflect on the fates of men— How one by one proud warriors vanish (55) From the halls that knew them, and day by day All this earth ages and droops unto death. No man may know wisdom till many a winter Has been his portion. A wise man is patient, Not swift to anger, nor hast7y of speech, (60) Neither too weak, nor to reckless, in war, Neither fearful nor fain, nor too wishful of wealth, Nor too eager in vow—ere he know the event. A brave man must bide when he speaketh his boast Until surely the goal of his spirit. (65) A wiseman will ponder how dread is that doom When all the world’s wealth shall be scattered and waste— As now, over all, through the regions of earth, Walls stand rime covered and swept by the winds. The battlements crumble the wine halls decay; (70) Joyless and silent the heroes are sleeping Where the proud host fell by the wall they defended. Some battle launched on their long, last journey; One a bird bore o’er the billowing sea; One the grey wolf slew; one a grieving earl (75) Sadly gave to the grave’s embrace. The warden of men hath wasted this world Till the sound of music and revel is stilled, And these giant built structures stand empty of life. He who shall muse of these mouldering ruins (80) And deeply ponder this darkling life, Must brood on old legends of battle and bloodshed, And heavy the mood that troubles his heart: ‘Where now is the warrior? Where the war horse? Bestowal of treasure and sharing of feast? (85) Alas! The bright ale cup, the brymy-clad warrior, The prince in his splendor—those days are long sped In the night of the past, as if they never had been!’ And now remains only, for warriors’ memorial, (90) A wall wondrous high with serpent shapes carved Storms of ash spears have smitten the earls Carnage of weapon, and conquering Fate. Storms now batter these ramparts of stone; Blowing snow and the blast of winter. (95) Enfoldeth earth; night shadows fall Darkly lowering, from the north driving Raging hail in wrath upon men. Wretchedness fills the realm of the earth, And Fate's decrees transform the world. (100) Here wealth is fleeting, friends are fleeting Man is fleeting, maid is fleeting; All the foundation of earth shall fail!' Thus spake the sage in solitude pondering Good man is he who guardeth his faith. (105) He must never too quickly unburden his breast of its sorrow, but eagerly strive for redress; And happy the man who seeketh for mercy From his heavenly Father, our Fortress and Strength.

[]


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">Figurative Language and Genre **


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Links for Love Metaphors **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[|Irene "Love is a song that never ends." Bambi] **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[|Will "Love is a banana peel." Elvis Presley] **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[|Lannie "Love is a loaded gun." Alice Cooper] **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[|James "Love is a battlefield." Pat Benetar] **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[|Patty "Love is an ever-fixed mark/ That looks on tempests and is never shaken." William Shakespeare] **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[|Simon "Love is a truck. Love is a wall." Connie Kaldor] **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">[|New York Times Metaphor article] **


 * //<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 250%;">Beowulf //**


 * [[image:http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art/burnett-beo-challenge-e.jpg caption="external image burnett-beo-challenge-e.jpg"]] ||
 * external image burnett-beo-challenge-e.jpg ||

== WHAT IS A HERO? HOW DOES A HERO'S FAITH IMPACT HIS JOURNEY? ==

Below are a variety of images relating to //Beowulf.// I have purposely included different styles of representing the hero and the tale. Below the photos, find the link to the full page of images.


 * || [[image:http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art/beowulf-wiglaf-wyrm-moralia-job-129r%5Bheorot.dk%5D.jpg caption="Frontpiece "]] ||
 * Frontpiece ||  ||
 * Frontpiece ||


 * || [[image:http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art/keeping-beo-1-e.jpg caption="Beowulf learns of Grendel"]] ||
 * Beowulf learns of Grendel ||  ||
 * Beowulf learns of Grendel ||


 * || [[image:http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art/lynd%20ward%2014%20%5BGeats%20sail%20for%20Denmark%5D-e.jpg caption="Beowulf sails to Denmark"]] ||
 * Beowulf sails to Denmark ||  ||
 * Beowulf sails to Denmark ||


 * || [[image:http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art/keeping-grend-2-e.jpg caption="Beowulf battles Grendel"]] ||
 * Beowulf battles Grendel ||  ||
 * Beowulf battles Grendel ||


 * || [[image:http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art/lynd%20ward%2012%20%5BBeowulf%20fights%20Grendel%27s%20Dam%5D-e.jpg caption="Beowulf slays Grendel's mother"]] ||
 * Beowulf slays Grendel's mother ||  ||
 * Beowulf slays Grendel's mother ||


 * || * [[image:http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art/burnett-dragon-e.jpg caption="The Dragon is killed"]] ||
 * The Dragon is killed ||  ||
 * The Dragon is killed ||


 * Below is the link to the full site for //Beowulf// images**:
 * 1) http://www.jnanam.net/beowulf_art