GD+IV+--+3rd+Quarter


 * Humanities 4 -- 3rd quarter **
 * Themes: Resources, __Wealth__, Status **

**Inquisition, Reformation (Catholicism, Anglicanism, Protestantism) and the waning power of the Church as a political power, English Civil War, Enlightenment (Agricultural, Scientific, and Industrial Revolutions),Dynamic tension between colonialism as greed for resources and evangelizing the natives, reaction to negative aspects of industrialization and urbanization (Romanticism, French revolution, Eng reforms), Napoleon conquest and defeat, Victorian stability and colonialization** Milton, Dante, Donne, Bunyan (just "Vanity Fair"), Jose Saramago, sections from //Balthzar and Blimunda// and //Auto 'du Fe,// Jorge Borges (Argentina),"Three Versions of Judas," Ottar's short story "The New St. Peter's" English Civil war as a failed attempt at a republic

**Essential Questions:** What is the relationship between the Church and government? What factors led to the decline of the authority of the church? How did ideas from the Enlightenment affect government, economics, colonialism, conflict, and everyday European life? How was literature affected by religious ideals and the drive to colonize? What were the initial and later responses to growing industrialism?


 * A Period of Conflict over religion and politics in England **(The 17th Century in British Literature)

=BATTER MY HEART, THREE-PERSON'D GOD (Holy Sonnet14) = By [| John Donne]

Batter my heart, three-person'd God, for you As yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend; That I may rise and stand, o'erthrow me, and bend Your force to break, blow, burn, and make me new. I, like an usurp'd town to another due, Labor to admit you, but oh, to no end; Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend, But is captiv'd, and proves weak or untrue. Yet dearly I love you, and would be lov'd fain, But am betroth'd unto your enemy; Divorce me, untie or break that knot again, Take me to you, imprison me, for I, Except you enthrall me, never shall be __free__, Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.

by John Donne
 * DEATH, BE NOT PROUD (Holy Sonnet 10) **

Death, be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadful, for thou are not so; For those whom thou think'st thou dost overthrow Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me. From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be, Much pleasure; then from thee much more must flow, And soonest our __best__ men with thee do go, Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery. Thou'art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men, And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell, And poppy'or charms can make us sleep as well And better than thy stroke; why swell'st thou then? One short sleep past, we wake eternally, And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.


 * Other Holy Sonnets **

**[|Donne]**

** Examples of Puritan Poetry **



John Milton

** Part of Book I ** by John Milton
 * PARADISE LOST **

Of Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal taste Brought Death into the World, and all our woe, With loss of EDEN, till one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat, (5) Sing Heav'nly Muse, that on the secret top Of OREB, or of SINAI, didst inspire That Shepherd, who first taught the chosen Seed, In the Beginning how the Heav'ns and Earth Rose out of CHAOS: Or if SION Hill (10) Delight thee more, and SILOA'S Brook that flow'd Fast by the Oracle of God; I thence Invoke thy aid to my adventrous Song That with no middle flight intends to soar Above th' AONIAN Mount, while it pursues (15) Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhime. And chiefly Thou O Spirit, that dost prefer Before all Temples th' upright heart and pure, Instruct me, for Thou know'st; Thou from the first Wast present, and with mighty wings outspread (20) Dove-like satst brooding on the vast Abyss And mad'st it pregnant: What in me is dark Illumine, what is low raise and support; That to the highth of this great Argument I may assert th' Eternal Providence, (25) And justifie the wayes of God to men. Say first, for Heav'n hides nothing from thy view Nor the deep Tract of Hell, say first what cause Mov'd our Grand Parents in that happy State, Favour'd of Heav'n so highly, to fall off (30) From their Creator, and transgress his Will For one restraint, Lords of the World besides? Who first seduc'd them to that fowl revolt? Th' infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd (35) The Mother of Mankinde, what time his Pride Had cast him out from Heav'n, with all his Host Of Rebel Angels, by whose aid aspiring To set himself in Glory above his Peers, He trusted to have equal'd the most High, (40) If he oppos'd; and with ambitious aid Against the Throne and Monarchy of God Rais'd impious War in Heav'n and Battel proud With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power Hurld headlong flaming from th' Ethereal Skie (45) With hideous ruine and combustion down To bottomless perdition, there to dwell In Adamantine Chains and penal Fire, Who durst defie th' Omnipotent to Arms. Nine times the Space that measures Day and Night (50) To mortal men, he with his horrid crew Lay vanquisht, rowling in the fiery Gulfe Confounded though immortal: But his doom Reserv'd him to more wrath; for now the thought Both of lost happiness and lasting pain (55) Torments him; round he throws his baleful eyes That witness'd huge affliction and dismay Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate: At once as far as Angels kenn the views The dismal Situation waste and wilde, (60) A Dungeon horrible, on all sides round As one great Furnace flam'd, yet from those flames No light, but rather darkness visible Serv'd only to discover sights of woe, Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace (65) And rest can never dwell, hope never comes That comes to all; but torture without end Still urges, and a fiery Deluge, fed With ever-burning Sulphur unconsum'd: Such place Eternal Justice had prepar'd (70) For those rebellious, here their Prison ordain'd In utter darkness, and their portion set As far remov'd from God and ligh of Heav'n As from the Center thrice to th' utmost Pole. O how unlike the place from whence they fell! (75) There the companions of his fall, o'rewhelm'd With Floods and Whirlwinds of tempestuous fire, He soon discerns, and weltring by his side One next himself in power, and next in crime, Long after known in PALESTINE, and nam'd (80) BEELZEBUB. To whom th' Arch-Enemy, And thence in Heav'n call'd Satan, with bold words Breaking the horrid silence thus began If thou beest he; But O how fall'n! how chang'd From him, who in the happy Realms of Light (85) Cloth'd with transcendent brightnes didst outshine Myriads though bright: If he whom mutual league, United thoughts and counsels, equal hope, And hazard in the Glorious Enterprize, Joynd with me once, now misery hath joynd (90) In equal ruin: into what Pit thou seest From what highth fal'n, so much the stronger provd He with his Thunder: and till then who knew The force of those dire Arms? yet not for those Nor what the Potent Victor in his rage (95) Can else inflict do I repent or change, Though chang'd in outward lustre; that fixt mind And high disdain, from sence of injur'd merit, That with the mightiest rais'd me to contend, And to the fierce contention brought along (100) Innumerable force of Spirits arm'd That durst dislike his reign, and me preferring, His utmost power with adverse power oppos'd In dubious Battel on the Plains of Heav'n And shook his throne. What though the field be lost? (105) All is not lost; the unconquerable Will And __study__ of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yeld: And what is else not to be overcome? That Glory never shall his wrath or might (110) Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee, and deifie his power Who from the terrour of this Arm so late Doubted his Empire, that were low indeed, That were an ignominy and shame beneath (115) This downfall; since by Fate the strength of Gods And this Empyreal substance cannot fail, Since through experience of this great event In Arms not worse, in foresight much advanc't, We may with more successful hope resolve (120) To wage by force or guile eternal Warr Irreconcileable, to our grand Foe, Who now triumphs, and in th' excess of joy Sole reigning holds the Tyranny of Heav'n. So spake th' Apostate Angel, though in pain, (125) Vaunting aloud, but rackt with deep despare And him thus answer'd soon his bld Compeer O Prince, O Chief of many Throned Powers, That led th' imbattelld Seraphim to Warr Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds (130) Fearless, endanger'd Heav'ns perpetual King; And put to proof his high Supremacy, Whether upheld by strength, or Chance, or Fate, Too well I see and rue the dire event, That with sad overthrow and foul defeat (135) Hath lost us Heav'n, and all this mighty Host In horrible destruction laid thus low As far as Gods and Heav'nly Essences Can Perish: for the mind and spirit remains Invincible, and vigour soon returns, (140) Though all our Glory extinct, and happy state Here swallow'd up in endless misery. But what if he our Conquerour, (whom I now Of force believe Almighty, since no less Then such could hav orepow'rd such force as ours) (145) Have left us this our spirit and strength intire Strongly to suffer and support our pains, That we may so suffice his vengeful ire, Or do him mightier service as his thralls By right of Warr, what e're his business be (150) Here in the heart of Hell to __work__ in Fire, Or do his Errands in the gloomy Deep; What can it then avail though yet we feel Strength undiminisht, or eternal being To undergo eternal punishment? (155) Whereto with speedy words th' Arch-fiend reply'd. Fall'n Cherube, to be weak is miserable Doing or Suffering: but of this be sure, To do ought good never will be our task, But ever to do ill our sole delight, (160) As being the contrary to his high will Whom we resist. If then his Providence Out of our evil seek to bring forth good, Our labour must be to pervert that end, And out of good still to find means of evil; (165) Which oft times may succeed, so as perhaps Shall grieve him, if I fail not, and disturb His inmost counsels from their destind aim. But see the angry Victor hath recall'd His Ministers of vengeance and pursuit (170) Back to the Gates of Heav'n: The Sulphurous Hail Shot after us in storm, oreblown hath laid The fiery Surge, that from the Precipice Of Heav'n receiv'd us falling, and the Thunder, Wing'd with red Lightning and impetuous rage, (175) Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now To bellow through the vast and boundless Deep. Let us not slip th' occasion, whether scorn, Or satiate fury yield it from our Foe. Seest thou yon dreary Plain, forlorn and wilde, (180) The seat of desolation, voyd of light, Save what the glimmering of these livid flames Casts pale and dreadful? Thither let us tend From off the tossing of these fiery waves, There rest, if any rest can harbour there, (185) And reassembling our afflicted Powers, Consult how we may henceforth most offend Our Enemy, our own loss how repair, How overcome this dire Calamity, What reinforcement we may gain from Hope, (190) If not what resolution from despare. Thus Satan talking to his neerest Mate With Head up-lift above the wave, and Eyes That sparkling blaz'd, his other Parts besides Prone on the Flood, extended long and large (195) Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge As whom the Fables name of monstrous size, TITANIAN, or EARTH-BORN, that warr'd on JOVE, BRIARIOS or TYPHON, whom the Den By ancient TARSUS held, or that Sea-beast (200) LEVIATHAN, which God of all his work Created hugest that swim th' Ocean stream Him haply slumbring on the NORWAY foam The Pilot of some small night-founder'd Skiff, Deeming some Island, oft, as Sea-men tell, (205) With fixed Anchor in his skaly rind Moors by his side under the Lee, while Night Invests the Sea, and wished Morn delayes: So stretcht out huge in length the Arch-fiend lay Chain'd on the burning Lake, nor ever thence (210) Had ris'n or heav'd his head, but that the will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven Left him at large to his own dark designs, That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on himself damnation, while he sought (215) Evil to others, and enrag'd might see How all his malice serv'd but to bring forth Infinite goodness, grace and mercy shewn On Man by him seduc't, but on himself Treble confusion, wrath and vengeance pour'd. (220) Forthwith upright he rears from off the Pool His mighty Stature; on each hand the flames Drivn backward slope their pointing spires, & rowld In billows, leave i'th' midst a horrid Vale. Then with expanded wings he stears his flight (225) Aloft, incumbent on the dusky Air That felt unusual weight, till on dry Land He lights, if it were Land that ever burn'd With solid, as the Lake with liquid fire; And such appear'd in hue, as when the force (230) Of subterranean wind transports a Hill Torn from PELORUS, or the shatter'd side Of thundring AETNA, whose combustible And fewel'd entrals thence conceiving Fire, Sublim'd with Mineral fury, aid the Winds, (235) And leave a singed bottom all involv' With stench and smoak: Such resting foud the soles Of unblest feet. Him followed his next Mate, Both glorying to have scap't the STYGIAN flood As Gods, and by their own recover'd strength, (240) Not by the sufferance of supernal Power. Is this the Region, this the Soil, the Clime, Said then the lost Arch Angel, this the seat That we must change for Heav'n, this mournful gloom For that celestial light? Be it so, since he (245) Who now is Sovran can dispose and bid What shall be right: fardest from him is best Whom reason hath equald, force hath made supream Above his equals. Farewel happy Fields Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail (250) Infernal world, and thou profoundest Hell Receive thy new Possessor: One who brings A mind not to be chang'd by Place or Time. The mind is its own place, and in it self Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n. (255) What matter where, if I be still the same, And what I should be, all but less then hee Whom Thunder hath made greater? Here at least We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: (260) Here we may reign secure, and in my choyce To reign is worth ambition though in Hell: Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heav'n.

[|text with glossary]
 * Link to //Paradise Lost// website with glossary in-text: **

[|video 1] [|video 2]
 * Links to //Paradise Lost// videos: **

[|audio of Paradise Lost]
 * Links to //Paradise Lost// videos--this is audio only, but you could listen as you read for greater meaning: **

**Dante //The Inferno//** Dante in the Forest--Canto I Gustave Dore

** [|Dante's Inferno] **




 * The Restoration of the Monarchy in England, the Agricultural, Scientific, and lndustrial Revolutions, Colonization of Africa and Asia **

Industrialization and Urbanization in England as a paradigm for these changes worldwide, Man's growing self-confidence. Overcoming the Plague and the Great Fire.

by Samuel Pepys (1633-1703)
 *  from The Diary **

Read September 3 and 14, 1665, and September 2, 3, and 4, 1666. These depict the two terrible disasters that struck London at the beginning of the Restoration/18th Century.

[|Pepys' Diary] [|Pepys' code (Shelton's code)]

from **The Journal of the Plague Year ** <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">by Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)

[|from The Journal of the Plague Year]

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|Locke Philosophy]
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">Utilitarianism - Bentham, //et al// **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">//The Philosophy of John Locke// **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;"> [|Hume Philosophy]
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">//The Philosophy of David Hume// **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">from **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;"> Gulliver's Travels **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 220%;">The Literature of Colonialism **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">by Jonathan Swift

[|Gulliver's Travels online]


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 1-- Gulliver shipwrecked **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 2 -- Gulliver meets the king, loses his weapons **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 3 -- qualifications for office in England, G is set free with conditions (all) **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 4 -- Blefuscu (last 3 paragraphs) (all) **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 5 -- Blefuscu (all) **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 9 -- arrival in Brobdingnag **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 11 -- the queen's treatment of G after she buys him **
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Chapter 14 (last 13 paragraphs) -- G's defense of England and the king's response (all) **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 33.6px;">_***** <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 270%;">The Romantic Age <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">(1798 - 1832)

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 170%;">What were the responses to the negative aspects of industrialization and urbanization? <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 170%;">Wordsworth and Coleridge started the Romantic Movement with their book of poetry, //Lyrical Ballads.// How do the ideas of this period relate to our modern ideas?


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 36.8px;">[[image:pamblair/1304985779Sm1ZkN.jpg width="198" height="246" caption="1304985779Sm1ZkN.jpg"]] <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">William Wordsworth[[image:pamblair/448px-Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg width="178" height="239" caption="448px-Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg"]]Samuel Taylor Coleridge **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 170%;">Poetry is "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" that "takes it origin from emotion recollected in tranquility" and should deal with "incidents and situations from the common life."

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 170%;">The Second Generation of Romantic Poets


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">[[image:pamblair/George_Gordon_Byron2.jpg width="162" height="220" caption="George_Gordon_Byron2.jpg"]]George Gordon, Lord Byron [[image:pamblair/images.jpg caption="images.jpg"]] Percy Bysche Shelley **


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">[[image:pamblair/98px-John_Keats_by_William_Hilton.jpg width="185" height="237" caption="98px-John_Keats_by_William_Hilton.jpg"]]John Keats [[image:pamblair/7182_b_6500.jpg width="184" height="259" caption="7182_b_6500.jpg"]]<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Charles Lamb **


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Both literature and art are forms of self-expression. Just as a novel or short story can express the author's feelings, a painting can reveal the artist's emotions and world view. Moreover, throughout history, trends in literature and art have tended to parallel each other. **


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">For example, Romanticism was a trend in literature and art from about 1798-1832. Romantics believed in the limitless potential of man, unrestrained emotion, and preferred rural life, finding solace in nature. They saw art and literature as a mirror of the self and rejected strict structures and imitation. Novels, short-stories, and poetry all expressed those ideas. Romantic paintings similarly reflected such ideas; for example, romantic painters often painted natural landscapes. They would often show a hazy horizon showing limitless potential. **


 * Artists and writers are both observers of their worlds and view the events of their lifetimes from a similar point of view.**


 * []**

Romantic Paintings

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 32px;">


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Tintern Abbey **

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">View in Hampshire **



<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Haying

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">Seascape Study with Rain Cloud

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;"> John Constable



<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">The Cornfield

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20.8px;">John Constable


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 27.2px;">An Interesting Website **


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 17.6px;">http://www.slideshare.net/danahuff/romanticism-1493018 **


 * See what other poems Ottar would like to see added. Consider other than Brit.**


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 210%;">Renewed Industrial and Colonial Emphasis **

The Victorian Age
 * 1832-1901 **

What does its literature reveal about a culture?


 * The Queen who defined the Age **


 * [[image:tn_queencoronationrobes1837.jpg width="159" height="197"]][[image:images-1.jpg width="8" height="23"]][[image:tn_royalfamily1846.jpg width="189" height="202"]] [[image:tn_queenvic1887.jpg width="159" height="222"]] **


 * // Young VictoriaVictoria Albert, and family --- Victoria at her Jubilee //**


 * // Victoria Statue in front of Buckingham Palace //**


 * // ---Extent of the British Empire in 1901 //**


 * // BBC history of the Victorian Age //**
 * //http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/overview_victorians_01.shtml#top//**

// Robert Browning //



//Robert Browning//
 * // Home Thoughts from Abroad //**


 * Oh, to be in England,**
 * Now that April’s there,**
 * And whoever wakes in England**
 * Sees, some morning, unaware,**
 * That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf**
 * Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf,**
 * While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough In England - now!**


 * And after April, when May follows,**
 * And the whitethroat builds, and all the swallows -**
 * Hark! where my blossomed pear-tree in the hedge**
 * Leans to the field and scatters on the clover**
 * Blossoms and dewdrops - at the bent spray’s edge -**
 * That’s the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over,**
 * Lest you should think he never could recapture**
 * The first fine careless rapture!**
 * And though the fields look rough with hoary dew,**
 * All will be gay when noontide wakes anew**
 * The buttercups, the little children’s dower,**
 * - Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!**




 * // Alfred, Lord Tennyson //**

Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)
 * "Ulysses" **
 * //It little profits that an idle king,//**
 * //By this still hearth, among these barren crags,//**
 * //Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole//**
 * //Unequal laws unto a savage race,//**
 * //That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me. (5)//**
 * //I cannot rest from travel; I will drink//**
 * //life to the lees. All times I have enjoyed//**
 * //Greatly, have suffered greatly, both with those//**
 * //that loved me, and alone; on shore, and when//**
 * //Through scudding drifts the rainy Hyades (10)//**
 * //Vexed the dim sea. I am become a name;//**
 * //For always roaming with a hungry heart//**
 * //Much have I seen and known---cities of men//**
 * //And manners, climates, councils, governments,//**
 * //Myself not least, but honored of them all--- (15)//**
 * //And drunk delight of battle with my peers,//**
 * //Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.//**
 * //I am part of all that I have met;//**
 * //Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough//**
 * //Gleams that untraveled world whose margin fades (20)//**
 * //Forever and forever when I move.//**
 * //How dull it is to pause, to make an end.//**
 * //To rust unburnished, not to shine in use!//**
 * //As though to breathe were life! Life piled on life//**
 * //Were all too little, and of one to me (25)//**
 * //Little remains; but every hour is saved//**
 * //From that eternal silence, something more,//**
 * //A bringer of new things; and vile it were//**
 * //For some three suns to store and hoard myself,//**
 * //And this gray spirit yearning in desire (30)//**
 * //To follow knowledge like a sinking star,//**
 * //Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.//**
 * //This is my son, my own Telemachus,//**
 * //To whom I leave the scepter and the isle---//**
 * //Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfill (35)//**
 * //This labor, by slow prudence to make mild//**
 * //A rugged people, and through soft degrees//**
 * //Subdue them to the useful and the good.//**
 * //Most blameless is he, centered in the sphere//**
 * //Of common duties, decent not to fail (40)//**
 * //In offices of tenderness, and pay//**
 * //Meet adoration to my household gods,//**
 * //When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.//**
 * //There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail;//**
 * //There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners, (45)//**
 * //Souls that have toiled, and wrought, and thought with me---//**
 * //That ever with a frolic welcome took//**
 * //The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed//**
 * //Free hearts, free foreheads---you and I are old;//**
 * //Old age hath yet his honor and his toil. (50)//**
 * //Death closes all; but something ere the end,//**
 * //Some work of noble note, may yet be done,//**
 * //Not unbecoming men that strove with gods.//**
 * //The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks;//**
 * //The long day wanes; the slow moon climbs; the deep (55)//**
 * //Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends.//**
 * //'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.//**
 * //Push off, and sitting well in order smite//**
 * //the sounding furrows; for my purpose holds//**
 * //To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths (60)//**
 * //Of all the western stars, until I die.//**
 * //It may be that the gulfs will wash us down;//**
 * //It may be that we shall touch the Happy Isles,//**
 * //And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.//**
 * //Though much is taken, much abides; and though (65)//**
 * //We are not now that strength which in old days//**
 * //Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are---//**
 * //One equal temper of heroic hearts,//**
 * //Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will//**
 * //To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. (70)//**


 * //1842//**


 * "The Lotos Eaters" **

Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)**//
 * “COURAGE!” he said, and pointed toward the land, || ||
 * “This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon.” || ||
 * In the afternoon they came unto a land || ||
 * In which it seemed always afternoon. || ||
 * All round the coast the languid air did swoon, || //5// ||
 * Breathing like one that hath a weary dream. || ||
 * Full-faced above the valley stood the moon; || ||
 * And, like a downward smoke, the slender stream || ||
 * Along the cliff to fall and pause and fall did seem. || ||
 * A land of streams! some, like a downward smoke, || //10// ||
 * Slow-dropping veils of thinnest lawn, did go; || ||
 * And some thro’ wavering lights and shadows broke, || ||
 * Rolling a slumbrous sheet of foam below. || ||
 * They saw the gleaming river seaward flow || ||
 * From the inner land; far off, three mountain-tops, || //15// ||
 * Three silent pinnacles of aged snow, || ||
 * Stood sunset-flush’d; and, dew’d with showery drops, || ||
 * Up-clomb the shadowy pine above the woven copse. || ||
 * The charmed sunset linger’d low adown || ||
 * In the red West; thro’ mountain clefts the dale || //20// ||
 * Was seen far inland, and the yellow down || ||
 * Border’d with palm, and many a winding vale || ||
 * And meadow, set with slender galingale; || ||
 * A land where all things always seem’d the same! || ||
 * And round about the keel with faces pale, || //25// ||
 * Dark faces pale against that rosy flame, || ||
 * The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came. || ||
 * Branches they bore of that enchanted stem, || ||
 * Laden with flower and fruit, whereof they gave || ||
 * To each, but whoso did receive of them || //30// ||
 * And taste, to him the gushing of the wave || ||
 * Far far away did seem to mourn and rave || ||
 * On alien shores; and if his fellow spake, || ||
 * His voice was thin, as voices from the grave; || ||
 * And deep-asleep he seem’d, yet all awake, || //35// ||
 * And music in his ears his beating heart did make. || ||
 * They sat them down upon the yellow sand, || ||
 * Between the sun and moon upon the shore; || ||
 * And sweet it was to dream of Fatherland, || ||
 * Of child, and wife, and slave; but evermore || //40// ||
 * Most weary seem’d the sea, weary the oar, || ||
 * Weary the wandering fields of barren foam. || ||
 * Then some one said, “We will return no more;” || ||
 * And all at once they sang, “Our island home || ||
 * Is far beyond the wave; we will no longer roam.” || //45// ||
 * CHORIC SONG
 * Weary the wandering fields of barren foam. || ||
 * Then some one said, “We will return no more;” || ||
 * And all at once they sang, “Our island home || ||
 * Is far beyond the wave; we will no longer roam.” || //45// ||
 * CHORIC SONG
 * CHORIC SONG

I

There is sweet music here that softer falls || ||
 * Than petals from blown roses on the grass, || ||
 * Or night-dews on still waters between walls || ||
 * Of shadowy granite, in a gleaming pass; || ||
 * Music that gentlier on the spirit lies, || //50// ||
 * Than tir’d eyelids upon tir’d eyes; || ||
 * Music that brings sweet sleep down from the blissful skies. || ||
 * Here are cool mosses deep, || ||
 * And thro’ the moss the ivies creep, || ||
 * And in the stream the long-leaved flowers weep, || //55// ||
 * And from the craggy ledge the poppy hangs in sleep. || ||
 * II
 * II

Why are we weigh’d upon with heaviness, || ||
 * And utterly consumed with sharp distress, || ||
 * While all things else have rest from weariness? || ||
 * All things have rest: why should we toil alone, || //60// ||
 * We only toil, who are the first of things, || ||
 * And make perpetual moan, || ||
 * Still from one sorrow to another thrown; || ||
 * Nor ever fold our wings, || ||
 * And cease from wanderings, || //65// ||
 * Nor steep our brows in slumber’s holy balm; || ||
 * Nor harken what the inner spirit sings, || ||
 * “There is no joy but calm!”— || ||
 * Why should we only toil, the roof and crown of things? || ||
 * III
 * III

Lo! in the middle of the wood, || //70// ||
 * The folded leaf is woo’d from out the bud || ||
 * With winds upon the branch, and there || ||
 * Grows green and broad, and takes no care, || ||
 * Sun-steep’d at noon, and in the moon || ||
 * Nightly dew-fed; and turning yellow || //75// ||
 * Falls, and floats adown the air. || ||
 * Lo! sweeten’d with the summer light, || ||
 * The full-juiced apple, waxing over-mellow, || ||
 * Drops in a silent autumn night. || ||
 * All its allotted length of days || //80// ||
 * The flower ripens in its place, || ||
 * Ripens and fades, and falls, and hath no toil, || ||
 * Fast-rooted in the fruitful soil. || ||
 * IV
 * IV

Hateful is the dark-blue sky, || ||
 * Vaulted o’er the dark-blue sea. || //85// ||
 * Death is the end of life; ah, why || ||
 * Should life all labor be? || ||
 * Let us alone. Time driveth onward fast, || ||
 * And in a little while our lips are dumb. || ||
 * Let us alone. What is it that will last? || //90// ||
 * All things are taken from us, and become || ||
 * Portions and parcels of the dreadful past. || ||
 * Let us alone. What pleasure can we have || ||
 * To war with evil? Is there any peace || ||
 * In ever climbing up the climbing wave? || //95// ||
 * All things have rest, and ripen toward the grave || ||
 * In silence—ripen, fall, and cease: || ||
 * Give us long rest or death, dark death, or dreamful ease. || ||
 * V
 * V

How sweet it were, hearing the downward stream, || ||
 * With half-shut eyes ever to seem || //100// ||
 * Falling asleep in a half-dream! || ||
 * To dream and dream, like yonder amber light, || ||
 * Which will not leave the myrrh-bush on the height; || ||
 * To hear each other’s whisper’d speech; || ||
 * Eating the Lotos day by day, || //105// ||
 * To watch the crisping ripples on the beach, || ||
 * And tender curving lines of creamy spray; || ||
 * To lend our hearts and spirits wholly || ||
 * To the influence of mild-minded melancholy; || ||
 * To muse and brood and live again in memory, || //110// ||
 * With those old faces of our infancy || ||
 * Heap’d over with a mound of grass, || ||
 * Two handfuls of white dust, shut in an urn of brass! || ||
 * VI
 * VI

Dear is the memory of our wedded lives, || ||
 * And dear the last embraces of our wives || //115// ||
 * And their warm tears; but all hath suffer’d change; || ||
 * For surely now our household hearths are cold, || ||
 * Our sons inherit us, our looks are strange, || ||
 * And we should come like ghosts to trouble joy. || ||
 * Or else the island princes over-bold || //120// ||
 * Have eat our substance, and the minstrel sings || ||
 * Before them of the ten years’ war in Troy, || ||
 * And our great deeds, as half-forgotten things. || ||
 * Is there confusion in the little isle? || ||
 * Let what is broken so remain. || //125// ||
 * The Gods are hard to reconcile; || ||
 * ’Tis hard to settle order once again. || ||
 * There //is// confusion worse than death, || ||
 * Trouble on trouble, pain on pain, || ||
 * Long labor unto aged breath, || //130// ||
 * Sore task to hearts worn out by many wars || ||
 * And eyes grown dim with gazing on the pilot-stars. || ||
 * VII
 * VII

But, propped on beds of amaranth and moly, || ||
 * How sweet—while warm airs lull us, blowing lowly— || ||
 * With half-dropped eyelids still, || //135// ||
 * Beneath a heaven dark and holy, || ||
 * To watch the long bright river drawing slowly || ||
 * His waters from the purple hill— || ||
 * To hear the dewy echoes calling || ||
 * From cave to cave thro’ the thick-twined vine— || //140// ||
 * To watch the emerald-color’d water falling || ||
 * Thro’ many a woven acanthus-wreath divine! || ||
 * Only to hear and see the far-off sparkling brine, || ||
 * Only to hear were sweet, stretch’d out beneath the pine. || ||
 * VIII
 * VIII

The Lotos blooms below the barren peak, || //145// ||
 * The Lotos blows by every winding creek; || ||
 * All day the wind breathes low with mellower tone; || ||
 * Thro’ every hollow cave and alley lone || ||
 * Round and round the spicy downs the yellow Lotos-dust is blown. || ||
 * We have had enough of action, and of motion we, || //150// ||
 * Roll’d to starboard, roll’d to larboard, when the surge was seething free, || ||
 * Where the wallowing monster spouted his foam-fountains in the sea. || ||
 * Let us swear an oath, and keep it with an equal mind, || ||
 * In the hollow Lotos-land to live and lie reclined || ||
 * On the hills like Gods together, careless of mankind. || //155// ||
 * For they lie beside their nectar, and the bolts are hurl’d || ||
 * Far below them in the valleys, and the clouds are lightly curl’d || ||
 * Round their golden houses, girdled with the gleaming world; || ||
 * Where they smile in secret, looking over wasted lands, || ||
 * Blight and famine, plague and earthquake, roaring deeps and fiery sands, || //160// ||
 * Clanging fights, and flaming towns, and sinking ships, and praying hands. || ||
 * But they smile, they find a music centred in a doleful song || ||
 * Steaming up, a lamentation and an ancient tale of wrong, || ||
 * Like a tale of little meaning tho’ the words are strong; || ||
 * Chanted from an ill-used race of men that cleave the soil, || //165// ||
 * Sow the seed, and reap the harvest with enduring toil, || ||
 * Storing yearly little dues of wheat, and wine and oil; || ||
 * Till they perish and they suffer—some, ’tis whisper’d—down in hell || ||
 * Suffer endless anguish, others in Elysian valleys dwell, || ||
 * Resting weary limbs at last on beds of asphodel. || //170// ||
 * Surely, surely, slumber is more sweet than toil, the shore || ||
 * Than labor in the deep mid-ocean, wind and wave and oar; || ||
 * O, rest ye, brother mariners, we will not wander more. || ||

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> ** The Charge Of The Light Brigade **

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">by Alfred, Lord Tennyson <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 1809-1892 <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Alfred, Lord Tennyson <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1809-1892 || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This poem was written to memorialize a suicidal charge by light cavalry over open terrain by British forces in the Battle of Balaclava (Ukraine) in the Crimean War (1854-56). <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">247 men of the 637 in the charge were killed or wounded. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Britain entered the war, which was fought by Russia against Turkey, Britain and France, because Russia sought to control the Dardanelles. Russian control of the Dardanelles threatened British sea routes. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many in the west best know of this war today because of Florence Nightingale, who trained and led nurses aiding the wounded during the war in a manner innovative for those times. The War was also noteworthy as an early example of the work of modern war correspondents. ||
 * [[image:http://www.nationalcenter.org/AlfredLordTennyson.jpg align="center"]]

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Charge Of The Light Brigade <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">by Alfred, Lord Tennyson <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Memorializing Events in the Battle of Balaclava, October 25, 1854 <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Written 1854

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Half a league half a league, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Half a league onward, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> All in the valley of Death <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Rode the six hundred: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'Forward, the Light Brigade! <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Charge for the guns' he said: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Into the valley of Death <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Rode the six hundred.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'Forward, the Light Brigade!' <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Was there a man dismay'd ? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Not tho' the soldier knew <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Some one had blunder'd: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Theirs not to make reply, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Theirs not to reason why, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Theirs but to do & die, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Into the valley of Death <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Rode the six hundred.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cannon to right of them, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cannon to left of them, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cannon in front of them <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Volley'd & thunder'd; <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Storm'd at with shot and shell, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Boldly they rode and well, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Into the jaws of Death, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Into the mouth of Hell <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Rode the six hundred.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Flash'd all their sabres bare, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Flash'd as they turn'd in air <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Sabring the gunners there, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Charging an army while <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> All the world wonder'd: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Plunged in the battery-smoke <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Right thro' the line they broke; <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cossack & Russian <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Reel'd from the sabre-stroke, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Shatter'd & sunder'd. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Then they rode back, but not <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Not the six hundred.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cannon to right of them, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cannon to left of them, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cannon behind them <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Volley'd and thunder'd; <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Storm'd at with shot and shell, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> While horse & hero fell, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> They that had fought so well <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Came thro' the jaws of Death, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Back from the mouth of Hell, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> All that was left of them, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Left of six hundred.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> When can their glory fade? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> O the wild charge they made! <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> All the world wonder'd. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Honour the charge they made! <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Honour the Light Brigade, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Noble six hundred!


 * Short Story by Maughm (colonial bent) -- **


 * Short Story by Joseph Conrad **


 * "The Man Who Would Be King" Rudyard Kipling **
 * [|The Man Who Would Be King] **

**The Age of Discovery** <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 32px;">**Spanish Conquest of the New World:** [|Conquistadors]

**Colonialism** ** British Conquest of India : http://www.indianetzone.com/40/british_conquest_dominion_india.htm**

** The First Industrial Revoluton : [|http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/causes.html]**
__Major__ Inventions of the First Industrial Revolution: [|Major inventions]